1. Any citizen can lodge a writ of ‘amparo’ claiming effective remedy before the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Guarantees of the Republic, after ordinary jurisdictional instances have been exhausted.

2. Every person is entitled to the presumption of innocence, to have the ordinary judge predetermined by law, to the defence and legal assistance of a lawyer, to be informed of the charges, to have the right not to testify against oneself, to a public process in a reasonable period of time, and to present relevant evidence for his defense.